【英文标准名称】:Low-voltageswitchgearandcontrolgearforindustrialuse.Sizenumbersandgaugesforplatconnections.
【原文标准名称】:工业用低压开关设备和控制装置.扁形连接件用尺寸数值和量规
【标准号】:NFC63-063-1984
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:1984-06-01
【实施或试行日期】:1984-06-05
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:尺寸;尺寸;低压电器;开关设备;开关设备;量规;低电压;电气工程;设计;扁平连接器;电气外壳;电缆连接件;工业;连接
【英文主题词】:Cablejunctions;Connections;Design;Dimensions;Electricenclosures;Electricalengineering;Flatconnectors;Gauges;Industries;Lowvoltage;Low-voltageequipment;Size;Switchgear;Switchgears
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:K31
【国际标准分类号】:29_130_20
【页数】:5P;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringRollingFrictionCharacteristicsofaSphericalShapeonaFlatHorizontalPlane
【原文标准名称】:在平坦水平面上测量球形滚动摩擦特性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMG194-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:G02.50
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:balls;coefficientofrollingfriction;plane;rollingfriction;spheres
【摘要】:Rollingfrictionlikeslidingfrictiondependsuponmanyfactors.Itisasystemeffectthatinvolvesthenatureoftherollingsurfaceandthecounterface.Theslidingfrictionforce(F)isusuallyconsideredtobethesumofforcesarisingfromdeformationsofsurfacefeatures(Fs),fromattractiveforces(atomic,molecular,etc.)atcontactpoints(Fa)andforcefrominteractionoffilmsandparticulatesontherubbingsurfaces(Ff):Therollingfrictionforceincludestheseforcecontributionspluseffectsfromtherelativestiffnessofthecontactingsurfaces,thediameter(curvature)ofthesphericalshape(ball,orange,etc.)andotherfactors.Becausetherearesomanyfactorsinvolvedinarollingtribosystem,rollingresistancecanbestbequantifiedbyanactualtestofthesphereofinterestontheintendedcounterface,asinthistestmethod.Therearecountlessapplicationswhereitisimportanttoquantifytherollingcharacteristicsofaparticularsphericalshapeonaparticularsurface.Theinterlaboratorytestsconductedforthistestmethodwereperformedonhardenedsteelballslikethoseusedinballbearings.Thistestmethodcouldbeusedtoassesstheeffectofdifferentcounterfacesurfacesontherollingcharacteristicsofballsforballbearings.Conversely,itcouldbeusedasaqualitycontroltestonballs.Surfaceimperfections/defects/films,etc.ontheballscanaffecthowtheyroll:thedistancetraveledonacommoncounterface.5.3Industrialapplicationsofthistestmethodcanincludeassessingconveyingsurfacesforsphericalornearlyspecialparts:checkvalveballs,cabinetknobs,Christmasornaments,toiletfloats,etc.Manymedicaldevicesusespecialshapeswhererollingcharacteristicsareaconsideration.Similarly,manypharmaceuticalproducts(pills)aresphericalornearlysphericalinshape,andthistestmethodcanbeusedtoassessrollingcharacteristicsforconveyingorotherreasonssuchassize(mass)check.5.4Rollingfrictionofsphericalshapescanbeaconsiderationincountlesssports(soccer,golf,lacrosse,etc.)andgameapplications(billiards,bocce,toys,etc.).Thistestmethodcanbeusedtoranktherollingresistanceofdifferentballcompositions,masses,shapes,surfacetextures,design,stiffness,etc.Similarly,thetestmethodcanbeusedtoassesstheeaseofrollingofballsondifferentplayingorgamesurfaces.5.5Thistestmethodisveryapplicabletosphericalormostlysphericalfoodproducts.Forexample,itiscommontouserollingdistanceofapples,citrus,nuts,etc.toclassifythembysizeformarketing.Theyarerolleddownanangledsurfaceandtherollingdistancebecomesafunctionofsize(mass/diameter).Thistestmethodcanbeusedtoassessthesuitabilityofvariousrollingsurfaces(carpet,metal,wood,etc.)forsuitabilityinclassificationequipment.Itcouldalsobeusedforfoodconveyanceonspherical-shapedprocessedfoods(gumballs,hardcandy,meatballs,etc.)5.6Finally,thistestmethodcanbeavaluableteachingtoolforphysicsandtribologystudents.Theequipmentissimple,lowcostandstudentproof.Itcanbeusedtodemonstratetheconceptofrollingfrictionandthefactorsthataffectit.1.1Thistestmethodcoverstheuseofanangledlaunchramptoinitiaterollingofasphereornearlysphericalshapeonaflathorizontalsurfacetodeterminetherollingfrictioncharacteristicsofagivensphericalshapeonagivensurface.1.1.1Steelballsonasurfaceplatewereusedininterlaboratorytests(seeAppendixX1).Golfballsonagreen,soccerandlacrosseballsonplayingsurfaces,b......
【中国标准分类号】:J04
【国际标准分类号】:17_040_20
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语